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Findings Available
Interim Implementation Findings
Final Implementation Findings
Interim Impact Findings
Final Impact Findings
Final Cost-benefit Findings
Interim Descriptive/Analytical Findings
Final Descriptive/Analytical Findings
Findings
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06/01/00:
Los Angeles Jobs-First GAIN Evaluation: Final Report on a Work First Program in a Major Urban Center
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Final Impact Findings
- Jobs-First GAIN led to substantial two-year increases in employment (that is, in the proportion of people ever employed in the two years of follow-up and in earnings)
- The program produced modest reductions in welfare and Food Stamp receipt (that is, the proportion of people receiving each of these benefits) and large reductions in welfare and Food Stamp payments (that is, actually expenditures for each type of assistance).
- Jobs-First GAIN produced a small net increase in total income in year 2; the results appear more positive for the last month of the year.
- The program did not affect whether people had medical coverage, but did produce a shift from public to private insurers.
- There were few statistically significant impacts on indicators of health and well-being.
- Jobs-First GAIN increased the use of child care and the incidence of child care problems that affected employment.
- For reasons that are unclear, experimental group members reported a higher incidence of food insecurity than control group members.
- Jobs-First GAIN had no effect on marriage, family composition, or amount of recreational time spent on children.
- The program had no systematic effects on the child outcomes examined· Jobs-First GAIN achieved larger employment and earnings gains that the county's previous basic education focused program.
- Many different types of welfare recipients benefited from Jobs-First GAIN. Such consistency in findings is unusual and impressive.
- The program's two year impacts on earnings and welfare expenditures were somewhat larger for members of two parent families than for single parents.
- The program positively affected many subgroups of two parent families but not as consistently as it did single parent subgroups.
Final Implementation Findings
- Los Angeles County successfully transformed its previous, basic-education-focused welfare-to-work program into a Work First program. This change was accomplished without a major reorganization of the county's welfare agency and before passage of federal welfare legislation.
- About 42 percent of single parents and 34 percent of members of two-parent families participated in a Jobs-First GAIN activity. Most of these people participated in job club.
Final Cost Benefit Findings
- Jobs-First GAIN's costs were more than offset by savings in welfare payments and other types of assistance.
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07/01/99:
Los Angeles Jobs-First GAIN Evaluation: First-Year Findings on Participation and Impacts
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Interim Impact Findings
- As expected for a Work First program, Jobs-First GAIN produced a substantial initial boost in employment and earnings.
- Jobs-First GAIN produced small reductions in welfare and Food Stamp receipt but larger decreases in expenditures for public assistance.
- Jobs-First GAIN helped welfare recipients replace welfare dollars with earnings, but their overall income remained about the same.
- Jobs-First GAIN achieved larger employment and earnings gains than the county's previous, basic education focused program.
- Jobs-First GAIN achieved positive effects for many different types of welfare recipients. The degree of consistency achieved by the program is unusual and impressive.
- Jobs-First GAIN also achieved positive results for welfare recipients who volunteered to enter the program early.
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08/01/98:
Los Angeles Jobs-First GAIN Evaluation: Preliminary Findings on Participation Patterns and First-Year Impacts
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Interim Implementation Findings
- During the first year of follow-up, relatively few experimental group members participated in an employment-related activity: 38 percent of AFDC-FGs and 30 percent of AFDC-Us. The vast majority of those who participated in an activity, as well as of those who did not, left the program during year 1.
- Nearly all participants in program activities attended job club, demonstrating the Work First character of the program.
- A relatively large proportion of experimental group members (34 percent of AFDC-FGs and 29 percent of AFDC-Us) received a grant reduction for non-compliance (a sanction) at some point during year 1. This finding indicates that Job-First GAIN strongly enforces its participation mandates.
Interim Impact Findings
- Jobs-First GAIN produced large employment and earnings gains in the first half-year of follow-up. Employment and earnings increases were larger for single-parent early enrollees than for single-parent regular enrollees.
Interim Cost/Benefit Findings
- In year 1, Jobs-First GAIN reduced AFDC/TANF expenditures and receipt by moderate to large amounts. Welfare impacts for an early cohort continued through the first half of year 2, suggesting that the program will generate savings during the rest of year 2 and possibly beyond.
- Jobs-First GAIN also produced unusually large first-year reductions in Food Stamp receipt and expenditures for both assistance groups. Savings will likely continue in year 2.
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