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In 1995, the Texas Legislature passed its first major welfare reform legislation, House Bill (HB) 1863. One provision of HB1863 consolidated a number of workforce programsincluding child careunder a new agency, the Texas Workforce Commission (TWC), and authorized the creation of 28 local workforce development boards (LWDBs). As these boards formed and were certified to administer programs, they assumed responsibility for the management of many workforce development programs in their geographical areas of the state. TWC began devolving (transferring from a more centralized to a less centralized authority) responsibility for the management of existing contracts with child care brokers to LWDBs in September 1997. Beginning in September 1999, the local boards assumed responsibility for defining specific local goals and setting selected policies for the provision of subsidized child care. All 28 boards began setting some child care policies by January 2000.
All LWDBs agreed to the following three goals while managing subsidized child care in their respective geographical areas:
- Expand the availability of full-day child care in order to support participation in employment, training, and educational activities by low-income parents,
- Support and increase the quality of child care in Texas, and
- Maximize opportunities to draw down unmatched federal funds for child care services.
The purpose of this three-year research project is to examine subsidized child care programs over a time period during which responsibility for these programs was devolved from the state to the local level.
The study will address the following questions:
1. How do local child care policies in Texas vary following the devolution of responsibilities for child care policies to the local workforce boards?
2. What is the process by which changes in the provision of publicly subsidized child care are implemented?
3. Which changes in the availability of child care statistically associated with policy variations?
4. Which change in patterns of child care usage are statistically associated with policy variations at the state and local level?
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