Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study

General Information

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Evaluator(s) Fragile Families Research Team
Investigator(s) Sara McLanahan (Fragile Families Research Team)
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn (Columbia University Teachers College)
Marta Tienda (Princeton University)
Irwin Garfinkel (Columbia School of Social Work)
Sponsor(s) Columbia University
Princeton University
Funder(s) Ford Foundation
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Public Policy Institute of California
Hogg Foundation
St. David's Hospital Foundation
Commonwealth Fund
Fund for New Jersey
National Institute of Child Health and Development
Foundation for Child Development
Healthcare Foundation of New Jersey
David and Lucile Packard Foundation
William T. Grant Foundation
California Healthcare Foundation
St. Vincent Hospital and Health Services
John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Center for Research on Religion and Urban Civil Society at U. Penn
William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Christian A. Johnson Endeavor Foundation
Kronkosky Charitable Foundation
Leon Lowenstein Foundation
Subcontractor(s) National Opinion Research Center
Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.
 
Domain Income Security/TANF
Child/Family
Community/Neighborhood
Status Operational with Findings
Duration Jan 1997 - Jun 2006
Type Research and/or Program Evaluation
Goal To increase understanding of the conditions and capabilities of unwed parents, especially fathers.

To increase understanding of the nature of relationships between unwed mothers and fathers.

To gain greater awareness of the factors that strengthen or weaken unmarried parents' relationships).

To gain insight into the long-term consequences for parents, children, and society of new welfare regulations, stronger paternity establishment, and stricter child support enforcement.

Program/Policy Description The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study investigates two critical prongs of the new Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA): 1) The TANF work requirements and time limits; and 2) the stricter paternity establishment and child support enforcement regulations. These two policies will be studied together along with labor market conditions since the effects are expected to be interactive. The new data will document the implementation of reform from the parents' perspective, and will reveal the extent to which parents are aware of the many rules, regulations, and incentives that are embedded in the process. Investigators will be able to examine the complicated relationships among work, welfare, child care, child support, and self-sufficiency for the population most associated with long-term welfare dependence. And, since the study will provide data across cities with diverse policy regimes and labor market conditions, it represents a step toward making causal inferences about the effects of public policies on family, processes and child well-being.
Notes Several features of this study are unique:

While much is known about women who give birth outside of marriage, nonresident fathers are largely underrepresented in national and local surveys. The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study will shed light on the relationships of these men with their children and the mothers of their children, their employment histories and earnings capacity, and tradeoffs between enforced and voluntary roles in their families.

Prior research has sought to understand the relationship between unwed mothers and fathers from the perspective of one or the other. The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study will facilitate the development of models of marriage and cohabitation that include information from both mothers and fathers.

Extant data rarely allow researchers to measure culture directly. The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study will address this limitation by providing data on differences in values with respect to pregnancy intentions, families of origin, marital values and cost-benefit perceptions, gender role ideology, and kin relationships.

The welfare reform process is taking shape rapidly, creating strong incentives for parents to remain together. The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study will provide critical new information about the impact of these changes for children, e.g. economic gain or loss, greater emotional support or more conflict, more or less involvement of grandparents, etc.

Sampling from the hospital rather than from birth records is done to yield a higher response rate, and concentrating in cities allows for testing for differences in welfare rules, child support practices, and labor market strength across cities.

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Last Updated 03/04/05
Type of Summary Reviewed
External Reviewer(s) Sally Waltman (Fragile Families Research Team)
Contact(s) Sally Waltman (swaltman@princeton.edu)
Fragile Families Research Team
Princeton University
Wallace Hall
(T) (609) 258-5894
(F) (609) 258-5804
Publications Department Sally Waltman (swaltman@princeton.edu)
Fragile Families Research Team
Princeton University
Wallace Hall
(T) (609) 258-5894
(F) (609) 258-5804

Populations Studied

Target Population Recipients/participants/clients
Non-custodial parents
Subgroups Analyzed Single parent families
Two-parent families
Fathers
Children 1-6
Low-income households
Minority populations
Sample Size and Unit The sample is comprised of births in a total of 20 U.S. cities with populations over 200,000, including 3, 712 non-marital births and 1,186 marital births. Approximately half of the sample is non-Hispanic black and a third is Hispanic.
Time, Love, Cash, Couples, and Children Study:
This qualitative sub-study uses 75 couples (one man, one woman) from the sample of Fragile Families.

Sites Studied

Austin, Texas
Baltimore, Maryland*
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Corpus Christi, Texas
Detroit, Michigan*
Indianapolis, Indiana
Jacksonville, Florida
Milwaukee, Wisconsin*
Nashville, Tennessee
Newark, New Jersey*
New York, New York
Oakland, California*
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Richmond, Virginia
San Antonio, Texas
San Jose, California*
Toledo, Ohio
Norfolk, Virginia


*=not included in the national sample for the National Institute for Child Health and Development